Myxomatosis in rabbits is a systemic, usually fatal disease of Old World domestic and wild rabbits caused by a myxoma virus in the poxvirus family. The disease tends to be less severe in wild rabbits because of genetic resistance to the virus.
The virus spreads through insect bites (mosquitoes, flies, ticks, fleas) but can also be transmitted mechanically by direct contact with a sick animal or with hutch equipment. Most pet rabbits die within 2 weeks.
Two forms are recognised:
- Nodular form: subcutaneous masses, oedema of eyelids, ears, genitalia, hyperthermia, eye and nose discharge. Secondary bacterial infection may develop and death occurs by day 10–12;
- Respiratory form: milder course, less marked skin changes, serous/purulent rhinitis.
Differential diagnoses
- Treponema cuniculi (rabbit syphilis) — usually not associated with oedema and fever;
- For neurological signs — meningitis, middle/inner ear infection, rabies; usually not associated with skin signs.
Diagnosis is based on clinical picture, epidemiology, PCR, and biopsy of skin lesions.
There is no specific cure, only supportive care. Strict quarantine. Control of secondary infections, NSAIDs, fluid therapy, assisted feeding.
Prevention of myxomatosis
- Mosquito screens on windows;
- Ectoparasite control;
- Vaccination.
Myxomatosis is a disease subject to state control measures.
If you are unsure about your pet’s diagnosis and want a second opinion, you can request a veterinary consultation via messengers, phone, or the form on this page.